Research and evaluation

Education that is effective, sustainable & evidence-informed

Evaluating dementia education programs in context, across settings, and over time is crucial for ensuring effectiveness and sustainability of knowledge transfer.

At AGE, we are committed to gathering quality empirical evidence demonstrating the impact of GPA. We enjoy strong working relationships with several large external academic and clinical partners and/or external sponsors. As you will see from our research, we work collaboratively with healthcare professionals who are committed to a person-centred approach in enhancing the care of older adults.

Research and evaluation findings

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Boscart, V. (2016). Dementia in Canada. Presentation to the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario & Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association. (pp. 8-9)

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2020). A Dementia Strategy for Canada: Together We Achieve. 2020 Annual Report to Parliament. Government of Canada. (pp. 26, 46-47)

Government of New Brunswick. (2022). Introducing Gentle Persuasive Approaches (GPA) in Dementia Care to Informal and Formal Caregivers in the Community Setting. Part of the Healthy Seniors Pilot Project in partnership with the Public Health Agency of Canada.

Alzheimer’s Society of New Brunswick. (2022). Gentle Persuasive Approaches Community Research Project Summary Poster. Alzheimer’s Society, New Brunswick.

Alzheimer’s Society of New Brunswick. (2022). Gentle Persuasive Approaches Community Research Project. Evaluating the Success of GPA for Family and Friend Caregivers.

Palial, R. (2017). Informing the GPA Bathing Program: Integration of evidence and stakeholder feedback. Poster presented at the Graduate Student Symposium, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON.

Schindel Martin, L., Julian, P., McLelland, V.C., Bliss, M., & Boucher, P., (2017). Responsive behaviour related to bathing in the dementia context: A literature review of evidence-based best practice interventions. Oral presentation at the 19th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA), Ottawa, ON.

McLelland, V.C., Bliss, M., Penko, M., Tsokas, M., O’Leary, J., & Schindel Martin, L. (2021). Professional practice development: GPA Bathing eLearning improved staff confidence for person-centred bathing care. Presented at the 21st Biennial Conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA — virtual format), Niagara Falls, ON, April 2021.

Wang, A., Schindel Martin, L., Bliss, M., & McLelland, V. (2023). Introducing units 1-4 of a GPA Bathing eLearning program to increase confidence among final-year nursing students caring for persons living with dementia.  Oral presentation at the 22nd Biennial conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association, April 20-22, 2023. 

Wang, A., Schindel Martin, L., Bliss, M., & McLelland, V. (2023). A six-unit eLearning curriculum to increase confidence and knowledge of final-year nursing students when bathing persons living with dementia.  Poster presented at the 22nd Biennial conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association, April 20-22, 2023, Niagara Falls, ON.

McLelland, V., Schindel Martin, L., Wang, A., Wauchope, L., Gomes, M., Mouriopoulos, O., Larmand, K., & Smith, D. (2024). GPA Bathing: An online dementia education program enhancing bathing care in two Ontario long-term care homes. Oral presentation at the 53rd Annual Scientific and Educational Meeting of the Canadian Association on Gerontology, October 24-26, 2024, Edmonton, AB.

Wang, A., McLelland, V.C., & Schindel Martin, L. (submitted 2025). Increasing nursing students’ self-efficacy in dementia care via GPA Bathing, an online bathing education program: A quasi-experimental pre-post design. Journal of Nursing Education & Practice.

McLelland, V.C., Christianson, T., Cooper, R., Hoot, T., Mayer, K., Morris, K., & Schindel Martin, L. (2019). Effects of the Gentle Persuasive Approaches dementia educational intervention on postsecondary Health Care Assistant and Personal Support Worker students’ Learning in two Canadian provinces. Poster presented at the 48th Annual Scientific and Educational Meeting of the Canadian Association on Gerontology, October 24-26, 2019, Moncton, NB.

Christianson, T.M., Hoot, T.J., McLelland, V., & Morris, K. (2021). “All behaviour has meaning”: A qualitative exploration of dementia training of healthcare assistant students. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 11(2).

Schindel Martin, L., Romaniuk D., Newman, K., Purdy, N., Kenmir, A., Wiesenthal, S., Verkuyl, M., Hughes, M., Julian, P., McLelland V.C., & Boucher, P. (2016). Continued evaluation of an on-line dementia-specific educational intervention in a baccalaureate collaborative nursing degree program. Oral presentation at the 45th Annual Scientific and Education Meeting of the CAG, Montreal, QC.

Schindel Martin, L., Newman, K., Romaniuk D., Purdy, N., Kenmir, A., Verkuyl, M., Hughes, M., Wisenthal, S., McLelland V.C., Boucher, P., Freeman, C., & Julian, P. (2017). Evaluation of an online dementia-specific education intervention in a baccalaureate collaborative nursing degree program. Poster presented at the 32nd International Conference of Alzheimer’s Disease International, Kyoto, Japan, April 26-29, 2017.

Schindel Martin, L., Woo, T., Cowan, D., McLelland, V.C., Miller, P., Newman, K., Rose, D., Ashbourne, J., Ashley, M., Julian, P., McNee, M., Vieira Zamora, F., Bliss, M., Boucher, P., & Mistry, J. (2017). Responsive behaviour: Meeting the learning needs of inter-professional post-secondary healthcare students. Poster presented at the 9th Canadian Conference on Dementia, November 2-4, 2017, Toronto, ON.

Julian P., Schindel Martin, L., McLelland, V.C., Ryan, D., Lee, J., Cowan, D., Wilding, L. (2016). Managing behaviours associated with dementia: Tailoring an educational intervention for emergency department staff. Poster presented at the 45th Annual Scientific and Education Meeting of the CAG, Montreal, QC.

McLelland, V.C., Schindel Martin, L., Julian, P., Ryan, D., Lee, J., Cowan D., & Wilding, L. (2017). Effects of a dementia educational intervention for emergency departments on staff knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy in providing person-centred care. Poster presented at the 19th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA), Ottawa, ON, and at the 45th Annual Scientific and Education Meeting of the CAG, Montreal, QC.

Julian, P., Schindel Martin, L., McLelland V.C., Ryan, D., Lee, J., Cowan, D., & Wilding, L. (2017). Bridge the gap: Participant voices support the need for online dementia education for emergency department staff. Poster presented at the 19th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA), Ottawa, ON.

Schindel Martin, L., McLelland, V.C., Wilding, L., Ryan, D.P., Lee, J., Cowan, D., & Julian, P. (2017). Qualitative findings of a study to evaluate dementia education for emergency department staff. Oral presentation at the 19th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA), Ottawa, ON.

Crandall, J., Coatsworth-Puspoky, R., Schlegel, K., Beker, L., McLelland, V. C., & Schindel Martin, L., (2022). Implementing Gentle Persuasive Approaches dementia education for staff on in-patient medical units: A program evaluation. Dementia (London), 21(4) 1173–1199. doi: 10.1177/14713012211070148

Schindel Martin, L., Morden, P., Cetinski, G., Lasky, N., McDowell, C., & Roberts, J. (2003). Teaching staff to respond effectively to cognitively impaired residents who display self-protective behaviours. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 18(5), 273-281.

Schindel Martin, L., & Dupuis, S. (2005). The development and pilot evaluation of an educational program to train long-term care front-line staff in the management of responsive behaviours of a more catastrophic nature associated with dementia.

McLelland, V.C., Schindel Martin, L., & Boucher, P. (2017). An educational intervention to build staff capacity to provide person-centred dementia care for residents experiencing responsive behaviour: Outcomes within long-term care homes from two Canadian provinces. Oral presentation at the 19th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA), Ottawa, ON.

Alidina, K., McLelland, V., & Schindel Martin, L. (submitted 2025). Gentle Persuasive Approaches dementia education improves staff self-efficacy and knowledge in a post-acute care hospital: A quality improvement project. Nursing Open.

Moody, E., Jamieson, H., Bradbury, K., Rothfus, M., Khanna, I., Weeks, L., Belliveau, A., & Bilski, T. Interventions to improve the nursing care of people with dementia in Canadian hospitals: An environmental scan. Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.), 36(2), 58-71. doi: 10.12927/cjnl.2023.27203

Hung, L., Son, C., & Hung, R. (2019). The experience of hospital staff in applying the Gentle Persuasive Approaches to dementia care. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 26(1-2), 19-28. doi: 10.1111/jpm.12504

Schindel Martin, L., Gillies, L., Coker, E., Pizzacalla, A., Montemuro, M., Suva, G., & McLelland, V., (2016). An education intervention to enhance staff self-efficacy to provide dementia care in an acute care hospital in Canada: A non-randomized controlled study. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 31(8), 664-677. doi: 10.1177/1533317516668574

Pizzacalla, A., Montemuro, M., Coker, E., Schindel-Martin, L., Gillies, L., Robinson, K., Pepper, H., Benner, J., & Gusciora, J., (2015). Gentle Persuasive Approaches. Introducing an educational program on an orthopaedic unit for staff caring for patients with dementia and delirium. Orthopaedic Nursing, 34(2), 101–107. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000127. This paper received the Teresa Pellino Research Writers award for best paper from the editors of Orthopaedic Nursing, 2016.

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This paper received the Teresa Pellino Research Writers award for best paper from the editors of Orthopaedic Nursing, 2016.

Gillies, L., Coker E., Montemuro, M., & Pizzacalla A. (2015). Sustainability of an innovation to support and respond to persons with behaviours related to dementia and delirium. Journal of Nursing Administration, 45(2): 70-73. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000160

Speziale, J., Black, E., Coatsworth-Puspoky, R., Ross, T., & O’Regan, T. (2009, March). Moving forward: Evaluating a curriculum for managing responsive behaviours in a geriatric psychiatry inpatient population. The Gerontologist, 49(4), 570-576. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnp069

Other Notes

Research will be showcased in a research library in the future. May contain potential webinar videos.